montaigne and descartes on doubting Essay example

Montaigne and Descartes nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Montaigne and Descartes both made use of a philosophical method that focused on the use of doubt to make discoveries about themselves and the world around them. However, they doubted different things. Descartes doubted all his previous knowledge from his senses, while Montaigne doubted that there were any absolute certainties in knowledge. Although they both began their philosophical processes by doubting, Montaigne doubting a constant static self, and Descartes doubted that anything existed at all, Descartes was able to move past that doubt to find one indubitably certainty, â€Å"I think, therefore I am†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How often do we question what is real or true?†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through his philosophical search Descartes was able to find one indubitable certainty, that we are thinking beings. We always think, even when we have doubts that we are thinking we are still thinking because a doubt is a thought. Although Descartes found this one universal truth, he was still not able to believe in anything but the fact that he was a thinking being. Therefore he still doubted everything around him. He used this one certainty to try to find a system of knowledge about everything in the world. Descartes idea was to propose a hypothesis about something. For example he might say that a perfect being was in existence. He would go around this thought in a methodical way, doubting it, all the while trying to identify it as a certainty. Doubting everything was at first dangerous because in doubting everything he was also admitting that he doubted th e existence of God, and thus opposing the church. However he made it a point to tell us at the beginning of his Discourse on Methods that what he was writing was only for himself and that he expected no one but himself to follow it (Descartes 14, 15). Descartes eventually managed to prove the existence of a higher being. He said that since he had the idea of a perfect being, then that perfect being must exist. HisShow MoreRelatedMontaigne and Descartes on Doubting1571 Words   |  7 Pages2004 Philosophy 110 Montaigne and Descartes Montaigne and Descartes both made use of a philosophical method that focused on the use of doubt to make discoveries about themselves and the world around them. However, they doubted different things. Descartes doubted all his previous knowledge from his senses, while Montaigne doubted that there were any absolute certainties in knowledge. Although they both began their philosophical processes by doubting, Montaigne doubting a constant static selfRead MoreGod Is Truth Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesMontaigne, Descartes, and Pascal all believe in a superlative truth unforeseeable through the commonly held truth of society. Montaigne states that even contradictions are not contradictions in truth (Montaigne, p.75). Not believing in the possibility of this lack contradiction in truth would be considered scepticism - scepticism being the reluctance to believe anything for any reason. This same scepticism is explained by Descartes as a self-disproving falsity by his quotation I th ink, thereforeRead More How Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised4647 Words   |  19 PagesHow Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised [All page references and quotations from the Meditations are taken from the 1995 Everyman edition] In the Meditations, Descartes embarks upon what Bernard Williams has called the project of Pure Enquiry to discover certain, indubitable foundations for knowledge. By subjecting everything to doubt Descartes hoped to discover whatever was immune to it. In order to best understand how and why Descartes

The Rebirth Of Art Patrons And Artists - 936 Words

The Rebirth of Art: Patrons and Artists The Renaissance, or â€Å"re-birth,† was a flourishing period of art that produced and developed different styles of art and other innovations. The art market grew tremendously due to the rise of materialism and a market for expensive goods. Art was not only viewed as an object for worship, but also as a highly valuable commodity. Artists were no longer just seen as artisans, but as talented artists, and the patrons were seen as wealthy, powerful people. The art market flourished because of the rise of relationships between aspiring artists and patrons, especially the Medici family. Patrons and artists with a rise in wealth combined to make the Renaissance one of the largest cultural and art movements in history. The Renaissance was heavily affected by the expansion of wealth throughout many city-states. These city-states were characterized by immense wealth and political power. The art world was able to thrive with the spread of wealth which increased the demand for material objects such as portraits or sculptures. The economic stability allowed for many art schools to be established due to the development of urban centers (Brotto). Another factor that allowed art to prosper was the development of commerce and banking and the people within these sectors. The development of commerce allowed for the trading of goods which included new pigments like lapis lazuli (Brotto). The Italian peninsula was transformed into a trading giant andShow MoreRelatedThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was an explosion of art, writing, and thought, that roughly lasted between 1300 to 1600. In this time each citizen, countrymen, or villager had and performed different jobs and careers. Humanism the study of Greek and Roman writings, art, and architecture, initially jump started the Renaissance, and the need for art. Artists now were inspired to use life like art and linear per spective, so art seemed and was more realistic. The start of the Italian Renaissance was theRead MoreComparing Art And The Baroque Eras989 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Art of the Renaissance and the Baroque Eras The Renaissance and the Baroque eras created some of the most famous works of art produced in the world. The two eras expressed differences in style and theme, but they also have many characteristics in common. To better understand the similarities of the eras it will be described by the characteristics, styles and the influences of each; Renaissance and Baroque works of art. Famous artist from the Renaissance era were Leonard da Vinci and MichelangeloRead MoreThe Renaissance Was A Creative Period974 Words   |  4 Pagesrinascimento, Italian for ‘rebirth’ the period came to be known by its French name, the Renaissance.† This period can also be defined as the rebirth of classical learning, literature, and art. During this Renaissance artists branched away from the restraint of Byzantine Art. Early in the Renaissance, Florence was not part of the unified country of Italy. Italy was divided into different states such as Florence, Milan, Venice, etc. Florence bec ame the founder of the rebirth. One reason Florence wasRead MoreThe Bubonic Plague And The Renaissance865 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch larger middle class who could afford to spend some of their greater wealth patronizing the arts. One such family was the Medici family. They important patrons of the Italian Renaissance who used their tremendous wealth to fund many Renaissance artists and scholars. Renaissance, meaning â€Å"rebirth†, was quite literally a period of the rebirth of learning, literature, culture and art. This rebirth began towards the end of the 14th century and continued into the 16th century. It was a periodRead MoreThe Italian Renaissance Essay749 Words   |  3 Pages The Italian Renaissance was one of the most colorful, vital, and exciting times in history. Renaissance eventually comes from the French word Renaistre, meaning to be born again. The Renaissance was a revival or a rebirth of cultural awareness and learning among art, law, language, literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics. This period took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Renaissance in Italy flourished in the 15th century and spread throughout most ofRead MoreEssay about Early Renaissance Art918 Words   |  4 Pages Art has gone through many significant developments throughout history. The most important turning point was the renaissance. Art took a huge turn before the 1500’s and even after. The Renaissance has assisted the world of art in breaking away from a classic structure and shaping it to what it is day. Prior to this cultural rebirth, artworks were mostly not made to scale. Paintings were unrealistic and disproportionate . Religious figures seemed to be the focus of many works. The RenaissanceRead MoreThe Renaissance : The Divine Comedy And Da Vinci s The Priceless Work948 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Age and how the processes going of people exploring the world as well as themselves. The Renaissance is commonly believed as a rebirth of culture during the period of 14th to 17th century and also considered as a bridge connecting the medieval and contemporary history. It is true to some extent, but not accurate. Renaissance is not only a revival of classical arts or the literature but also a significant change in the structure of the society and a reunion western world. The term of ‘Europe’Read MoreLeonardo s Madonna Of The Rocks1298 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance art tended to be quite monumental. It was the time of a powerful and wealthy church, princely courts, and powerful patrons of the arts such as the de Medici family. Architecture, sculptures, and paintings were massive, opulent, and enduring. The primo fresco of the Sistine chapel is not only vast but was meant to last the test of time. Along with the monumentality of art, there was the emergence of artistic fame. Particular popes or patrons sought to be eternally commemorated with art comm issionsRead MoreThe Word Renaissance764 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans â€Å"rebirth† in French. It began in Italy and spread to Europe and lasted from the 1300s to the 1600s. Toward the end of the Middle Ages, culture began to flower. There was three different types of art during the Renaissance, Classical Art, Medieval Art, and Renaissance Art. Classical Art lasted from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E., artists valued balance and harmony, in the painting there was little background or sense of perspective. While Medieval Art lasted from 500 to 1300 C.E., and those art was religiousRead MoreRenaissance Art : A New System Of Astronomy, Exploration Of The Natural World1217 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance Art is a large portion of the art we look at and get inspired by today, but where and who did it come from? Many things were developed such as the printing press, a new system of astronomy, exploration of continents. Also accompanied by the advancements in philosophy, literature, and esp ecially art. Painting, sculptures, and decorative arts identified with the Renaissance emerged from Italy in the 14th century. Renaissance art is an expression of Greco-Roman traditions, is captured the

Now Is The Time To Be Computer Literate Essay Example For Students

Now Is The Time To Be Computer Literate Essay Now is the time to become computer literate. Now is the time to becomefamiliar and comfortable with the computer because in the future we will becomevirtually a paperless society and many daily activities will be linked to thecomputer. Mail delivery to the home and business will be almost entirely phasedout and e-mail will replace it. Bills will come via the computer and paid thesame way. Pay checks will be electronically deposited to your bank account. Onspecial occasions such as birthdays, greeting cards will be sent from yourcomputer to your loved ones computer. Shopping malls will become cyber malls and we will do our shopping viathe computer. You will be able to view on your monitor how you would look in acertain outfit you are considering to buy. Imagine traveling over the entiremall in a comfortable in front of your computer. Push a button and the entirestock of a store will be at your finger tips. When you do go to a store to shopyou will not use money. You will use either a credit card or debit card whichwill automatically deduct the amount if you purchase from your bank account. Our homes will be run by computers. Computers will adjust thetemperature. Home appliances will be linked to the computer. Imagine drivinghome from work and calling your computer and having it start dinner for you. Have it adjust the temperature so your home will be a comfortable temperaturewhen you arrive. Window covering will be adjusted to allow the correct amount ofsunlight in. Light fixtures will automatically adjust to the right level oflight in your home. The way of business conducted be entirely changed. Instead of longdistance business trips, business will be conducted via interactive tele-conferences. Documents and files will be stored on computers hard drives. Muchof this is done today but in the future it will expand as we become a paperlesssociety. Many workers will not have to go to a place of employment. They willwork from their homes via the computer. For those who do have to drive to workit will become less stressful as computer help to keep traffic congestion down. Cars will have on board computers to keep them aware of road conditions, trafficbackups, and which route is best to take. On board computer will also replacemaps and give directions from your current location to where you are going. Ifyou happen to get lost your computer will get you back to the correct road. The education system will also join the computer age. Every student willhave access to a computer. Text books will be on disks. Students will haveaccess to a vast amount of reference material via the computer modem from faraway universities and other institutions. Home work will done on the computer. Instead of turning in papers on which you have done your homework you willeither turn in a disk or send it to your teachers by a modem. Teachers will nolonger have to spend hours grading papers. Homework and in class work will begraded by the computer. Test will be taken on the computer and you will know assoon as you finish you will know what your score is. At the end of the gradingperiod your teacher will just punch a few keys on her computer and your reportcards will print out as the computer keeps track of all your grades for thequarter. Some classes will be conducted by interactive teleconferences much thesame business conferences are conducted. This will give students in smallschools the same educational opportunities as those in the larger school systems. .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d , .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .postImageUrl , .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d , .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:hover , .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:visited , .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:active { border:0!important; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:active , .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49a6acb74769871eba17d89ccd460f7d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harrison bergeron by kurt vonn EssayOur leisure time will also be affected by the expanded use of computers. In thefuture the home communication system { phones, e-mail, faxes, and modems} and tvservice will be integrated into one system. If you want to read the newspaperyou will not have to travel to the driveway to pick it up. Just flip on your tvand with the aid of your computer pull up the paper on your screen and read. Magazines will be available the same way. If you want to watch a movie and justturn on the tv and you will receive a list of what is on. Order by the computerand sit back and enjoy the movie. Video games will be available to play on yourtv the same way. People whose hobbies are collecting things such as card orstamps can receive the latest information on their collections from the computer. Find yourself putting on a few extra pounds spending all your time infront of your computer system. You can get exercise programs and a computergenerated diet geared to your specific needs from your computerSo to be a productive person in the future you will need to prepared forthe future so NOW IS THE TIME! Category: Technology

Spirits of the Past free essay sample

I was once told by my parents that there were no such things as ghosts. It didn’t take me long to see otherwise. When I was eight years old, I visited the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA) for the first time while on a field trip with my elementary school. Since my sense of direction left much to be desired, I got lost about five minutes into the tour. Completely confused, I wandered into an interesting-looking exhibit, which I later learned housed an impressive collection of Greco-Roman statues. At that time, however, they just looked like gigantic people frozen in place. But what was freezing them? While sane people would point out the obvious fact that those statues were made of rocks and thereby could not act as normal people could, my eight-year-old mind (which, trust me, was never very level-headed to begin with) immediately began perceiving these artifacts as alive. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirits of the Past or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What ensued was a daytime version of â€Å"Night At The Museum.† A disembodied head of a man in a Greek helmet began smiling at me, the people engraved on an artsy looking box started dancing with their swords, and a shiny, white-sculpted man rattled his pedestal and flexed his muscles. At this point, unaware that I was hallucinating, I ran away extremely frightened and with wet eyes and wet pants. After I was sent home for insubordination since I â€Å"chose† to abandon my school group in an art museum, I realized something very important about my visions. Despite all the weird things I had seen the statues do, none of them ever spoke to me! From then on, I became obsessed with the question, If these ancient sculptures could speak, what stories would they tell? What would the figures on the aforementioned box (which, I later found out, is a Greek sarcophagus dating back to 100 BCE) have seen and experienced during the 2000-plus years they have been in existence? When I asked my parents this, they told me to go back to doing my math homework so that I could one day become a mechanical engineer just like my father. Ugh! Regardless of my parents’ apathy, I was determined to know more about these age-old relics. I begged my mom to take me back to the DIA so I could take notes on all the artifacts in the exhibit. I also visited my local library to read up and gather more data on the contents of the museum. In fact, after gaining knowledge – like the fact that the bust of the head with the helmet that was from ancient Corinth, and that the acclaimed Hellenistic Greek sculptor Alexandros of Antioch may have helped design the engraved sarcophagus – I presented my findings for show-and-tell in my third grade class, presided over by the same teacher who had thrown me out of the museum two weeks before! The presentation went beautifully and when my teacher asked what inspired me to do so much extracurricular work, I honestly declared that it was all because she sent me home for â€Å"not following directions† and that if the rest of the class wanted to sound smart like me, they sh ould consider doing exactly what I did on the next field trip. The entire class roared with laughter – except for my teacher, of course. Ever since the ghosts of those ancient artifacts communed with me all those years ago, my desire to study history has gripped my spirit with a tenacity unlike anything I have ever experienced. I fully intend to pursue my historical aspirations in college because I will be able to interact with scholars much more historically inclined than my third grade teacher, and I will enjoy every day of learning. I have always been exceptionally curious, and when it comes to history, no piece of knowledge – however insignificant or risky to obtain – will ever escape my notice. Author’s Note: This college essay was arguably my most personal. It is amazingly a true story and helped me get into college programs at the University of Michigan, Cornell University, and Dartmouth College.